Modelling

Three main schools of thought for Digital ITC footprint:

According to researcher Gautheir Roussilhe there are three main schools of thought for modelling digital ICT climate emissions:

• Jens Malmodin - works at Ericsson, Sweden)
• Anders S. G. Andrae - works at Huawei, Sweden. His model with Tomas Edler was used by The Shift Project (see below)
• Lofti Belkhir - works at McMasters University, US. Author of Assessing ICT global emissions footprint: Trends to 2040 & recommendations - "if unchecked, ICT GHGE relative contribution could grow from roughly 1–1.6% in 2007 to exceed 14% of the 2016-level worldwide GHGE by 2040".

Malmodin & Andrae are both Swedish; Malmodin is consider an optimist; Andrae & Lofti are considered pessimistic. Roussilhe sets this out on page 31 of this French language analysis that each view the ratio of impacts between Data Centre, Networks and Devices differently:

![[Pasted image 20211030133503.png]]

The Shift Project

The [[Shift Project]], Paris, March 2019 - 3.7% of total emissions in 2019, growing from 2.5% in 2013 (source). Widely quoted (the BBC, Climate Care & the New Scientist). Scope include production. Shift blames the growth on video.

Shift's estimates for video streaming have been challenged by the IEA: https://www.iea.org/commentaries/the-carbon-footprint-of-streaming-video-fact-checking-the-headlines - which Shift responded to, acknowledging the error but not adjusting their basic figure.